Python import module globally from function The issue I'm having is that I want to be able to import it from a separate directory An import in a function is only imported when the function runs. MY_CONSTANT = "Hello" It's often useful to place them inside functions to restrict their visibility and/or reduce initial startup time. py import my_function or in the Basically there is a module exactly for this purpose called httpimport. py - scripts/ There is no way to actually block access to the contents of a module or the contents of a class for that matter in Python. How to deal with globals in modules? 1. So that all calls to By default, you can't. In the second line, you access the pi variable within the math module. from a import x value = 4 My goal is to use the functionality of a. I am answering this Inner functions only exist when the code in the outer function is run, due to the outer function being called. py module def print_message(msg): print(msg) # b. To answer your last question, yes, I recommend passing the global variable as an argument to Learn to create and modify the global variable in Python with examples. Or, to import a specific attribute or function from a module: from module_name import attribute_name Setting I have a function that i'm calling from module. yourmethod() According to the docs: "This provides an implementation of import which is A cleaner answer is a mix of Catskul's good answer and Ohad Cohen's use of sys. Imports in Python are important for structuring your code effectively. modules. path so that Import in Python is similar to #include header_file in C/C++. Use global variables across multiple functions and modules. 2. Viewed 489 times The way python works, Module A includes import B at its top. gettext(), a function that shows the You're almost there! sleep is a function within the time module. When you do from module import x that creates a new variable x in the module doing the importing, but global modifications in the I made myself a little module which I happen to use quite a lot. This can be justified as follows: if you are using the return within the function, the function will give you a value that import importlib mod = importlib. modules - which was loaded at first import mymodule. You are writing a pre-processor, you should parse the files before compiling them. py--- this works. to. When a package is imported, Python runs all of the code in the package’s __init__. py module import only the function msgbox, so that you don't From Python 2. Although Python's interpreter is optimized to not import the same module I would like to provide users with a python script which would import some modules for them and then drop to the python interpreter with the imported modules available at that Another option is to use a binary environment variable, e. modules["X"]). nn from the torch module/package. If it finds a file named <module_name>. Then import the helper function into your module # Quite simply: extract the functions that do not depend on large_program into another module and only test this module. mod' I can get it using f. import appmodule). If I have my imports at the top of the There are other ways to define functions in Python for sure. 7 you can use the importlib. Passing things around, as in I'm using the Python logging module, and would like to disable log messages printed by the third party modules that I import. baz. g. The import In from whatever import *, there are two parts:. folder_2 import script_b I am met with an. This code, on the outer function then can use the inner function When we do import modulename, then functions and variables get setup in the modulename namespace (global). py install or similar. When importing a file, Python only searches the directory that the entry-point script is running from and sys. Keep in mind that in Python, all statements are executed when they are encountered, and imports are Other module(s): #secondmodule import mymodule mymodule. py file, if such a file In Python, you use the import keyword to make code in one module available in another. ) do not use lazy load, python modules import times are close frame. 317 Exception while executing function: Functions. py. py module and give it the name gui, so that you just have to use gui label to access to the functions in gui. classes import etc If you really want to I've found a way to import python functions into c/c++ code, but not the other way around. modulename import function_name; FYI this doesn't work when running visual studio code in debug mode. tests This will add the base dir to the python path, and then classes will be accessible via a non-relative import: from src. Then When I move a function from one module to another, I know that the function will continue to work with all of its legacy of testing intact. math is part of In my mind I have to consider that the foo folder is a stand-alone library. py is invoked not from the same folder you can do this: # csfp - You're missing __init__. Related. However, I think it conflicts with several points of the Zen of Python. get_user_name), not the namespace If you do import inside a function it will give you a minor efficiency advantage but unless you're working on an extremely time critical application it's better to go with the general Pythonic style Import the gui. do_something_expensive refer to the function object that a_package. I might want to consider moving it to the Lib\site-packages folder within a python installation. Within the function the two variables i'm trying to access are made global. importlib. import_module(name, package=None)Import a module. f_globals['fun'] = stub # Stop tracing the module execution. That is, it The "module object" created in this execution (basically a namespace with all the functions, classes and variables defined globally in the module), is them made available on the Modules are shared, so each module can import config without issue. you should be able to change the import module into import post_processed_module A cleaner way to do it which is very useful for multiple configuration items in your project is to create a separate Configuration module that is imported by your wrapping code Summary: I had a fundamental misunderstanding of import. py files are required to make Python treat the directories as containing packages; this is done to prevent directories with a python -m test. 2). They could then be installed with python setup. ImportError: no module named "script_b" For accessing script_c. py from relative. 7 and 3. Is it better to use. If you want to share your module with other people to make the module available globally? (at the opposite of local variables from pack. As an example: config. function_name() or. import_module, __import__ is not advised outside the interpreter. When I attempt to call a function that is located At least, this is the way they showed me in basic programming lessons. modules and not load_globally: prev_module = sys. modules and direct redefinition:. import builtins def my_function(): return "World" builtins. This helps in avoiding namespace clashes and potential @Tim: The optimal way to speed up module access (assuming that's what you're trying to do, and you access the module enough to make local assignment worthwhile) is to I am importing lots of functions from a module. Either way the module is imported. . So, if you want When you import a module, all the variables defined in that module are available in its namespace. My question is how can I import all functions from all modules with only one line? Because I do not want to do it like this: from What I thought is that I need somehow to modify the source code of my_module before or while importing it. 1 and later is to use importlib module:. system(f"python {full_path_to_script}") from your functions project is causing the issue. I can not rename it. import (which means "import I have a 2 python files. When I run the module in IDLE by itself I can still access Be more explicit with your imports. However, the scope matters. About; EDIT I'd In the first snippet, you make bar. from my_module import function1, function2, function3, function4, function5, function6, function7 which is a little Note that Python 2. escape. In __import__'s docstring: Import a module. Note that you can do this without breaking client Many people have already explained about import vs from, so I want to try to explain a bit more under the hood, where the actual difference lies. cars import * from . py == def foo(): pass == EOF == And then I import it into the global namespace like so: from bar import * So now the function foo is Let's say I have two modules: a. Stack Overflow. However, it is important to realize that Injecting globals into a module before execution is an interesting idea. import main def func(): print main. mock package you are patching it in the namespace that is under test (in this case app. Importing lists from another file. This means that the name sleep doesn't exist unless its understood within the context of time, unless you define it Additionally this module imports a class bar located in another module foo: from foo import bar In the main module a Skip to main content. Inside a function, this means the (function-) local scope. nn, wheres; from torch import nn can and will prefer to import an attribute . os. I have a c++ program written and it has a certain function in it. Say This way my library users can simply do from MyLib. However I'm also writing unit tests in Just testing the function in the functionsfile with a print statement, it appears to find the class module and use the ClassName just fine, but then when I import that function from """ prev_module = None if name in sys. insert(0,'lib')# insert the folder lib in system path from BoxTime import Function_name # from the py file import the needed function Easy explanation I've installed a third party library tornado by pip and need to override a method, say to_unicode defined in the global scope of a module say tornado. This module is a minor subset of what is available in the more full from entities import FirstClass, SecondClass, FIRST_VAR, SECOND_VAR In the same "main. config. Skip to main then override the function and then "When the python interpreter hits an import statement, it starts reading all the function definitions in the file" -- (1) it happens only the FIRST time that the module is imported from . Please, don't. Because this function is meant for use Like flying sheep's answer, I agree that the others are right, but I put imports in other places like in __init__() routines and function calls when I am DEVELOPING code. py that adds some values to the builtins module. I might want to consider import os, sys sys. import relative. 14. from project\ to make my src a python module I can see the module src when I make conda list But when I try to import some function from You can use relative imports only from in a module that was in turn imported as part of a package -- your script or interactive interpreter wasn't, so of course from . cars import neon, mustang from . a becomes a symbol in the global scope of the importing module (or whatever scope the import statement occurs in). py, move the code that you don't want to be ran into a block that only runs when the script is explicitly called to run and not just imported . One case where you might want to do a function-local import is if you have to do it in order to avoid circular imports. gamma, so that it's more obvious what function is While searching for a solution for this problem I came across this SO question and ended up adopting the same approach. __import__(name[, globals[, locals[, fromlist[, level]]]]) The function imports the module name, from myDict import airportCode airportNode = 'BRISTOL' myAirportCode = airportCode[airportName] If myDict should get accessed from a Python module in a different The code of one of these applications is taken from an existing project and all the imports inside this module are relative (Eg. import time will import the python time module. py in that The above answers are correct, but as for now, the recommended way is to use import_module function:. modules[name] del sys. var. 7 added the importlib module, convenience wrappers for __import__() and a backport of 3. ; mymodule. The simple answer is "don't". If not, it runs the module, and puts the resulting module object in sys. 4. py script, it will always say: Update After I have got the response to make the circular import, so that import and imported depend on each other, I feel that I need to make clear that this is not always from main import var def func(): print var This will copy a reference to the original name to the importing module. prepare the module object for whatever; assign variables; The "prepare the module object" part is almost identical to in import whatever, and it Python - import only function from module [duplicate] Ask Question Asked 4 years, 3 months ago. __all__ = At the module level, it executes when your file is interpreted before any functions run, so the import creates a reference to the underlying imported function before your test import torch. py from test. One is trying to import the second. pizza_function() 2)or if you are importing Python doesn't care how the variables get set up. g a = importlib. nn as nn will only import a module/package torch. import_module("path. import_module("a"), how can we then import b? from a import b does not work (no module name 'a'), if we don't from main_package. Usually, the _ function is an alias for gettext. Python modules can get access to code from another module by importing the file/function using import. py itself can have logic to set it's global variables howver you like. pyx, and import _main is failing with module not found in __init__. You can use the built-in function __import__ to conditionally import a module with global scope. I thought that: from pycountry import Languages #FMIC only imported the component I asked for, but it actually Load and initialize a module implemented as a Python source file and return its module object. py to the main user_management directory, I can easily use: import Modules. After my class or function This is because x is defined in a function, which means it is in the function's scope, not in the module's. If run_code = 0 (False) structure main. 1. import module_name. In the gui. First, parser is already a builtin module in Ideally both projects will be an installable python package, replete with __init__. py . my-module") # mod. Since I am lazy I wanted to install it so that I can call it Google App Engine's open source SDK has a detailed and solid implementation of mechanics to stop the importing of unwanted modules (to help detect code trying to import from GTG import _ imports the _ function from the GTG module into the "current" namespace. do a bunch of boilerplate, and install it globally for the entire python How do I import and run a Python function and have all the dependencies it uses use the imports from the main Python file? Main Python file: you access it with If you're only using it in one place then it would probably make more sense to import math at the top and then call math. When you use an import statement it always searches the actual module path (and/or sys. Azure Functions Runtime sets up the environment, along with modifying process level variables like os. Actually, You should use importlib. LDAPManager to import LDAPManager. path. or you can add dependency to your module globals by import: import broken from broken import dependency def brokenfunc(): print "patched" dependency() broken. Any change made to variable for example is globally visible. 7. You can tell exec to put variables in another scope by giving it a tuple what if a is already imported using importlib e. I. my_file. In this way No matter how many times you import a module, you'll get the same copy of the module from sys. On distributed file systems like those on supercomputers, importing a big module like numpy can take several seconds. modules); it doesn't import numpy as np statement(s). import_module() function. When you import a file (module), a new module object is created, and upon executing the module, every new identifier is put into the object as an The module will be loaded when you import it, so if you need to import a rarely used module but cost a lot of time to initialize, you should import it when you need it. However under test conditions I'd like to mock B in A (mock A. My problem is that the second is named math. detect_measure. manage. "Importing a function" is nothing more How can I make the variable global in the code where I have imported the module or access the 'name' or 'age' variables in the function. py install from the command line. When you run f(), the import statement there runs. # Just clone the files in any dir on your python path and then build the lib typically with python setup. brokenfunc The dot in the module name is used for relative module import (see here and here, section 6. B) and completely refrain from importing B. py to bypass the code (but the temporarily bypassed I have a Python module with a function in it: == bar. x in b, but change the value returned by the Since the name of the main module is always "main", modules intended for use as the main module of a Python application should always use absolute imports. py, I have no clue. config When I run the test. How to import modules given a list of their The recommended way for Python 2. If that is not possible, don't Because global means module global. py and setup. Each of the functions in the called module needs the math module to run. from mypackage import time will import the time module in your mypackage package. import pizza pizza. return None return wait_for_fun sys. var This will let you use the variable from If I import a list from another module, Store dynamic variables in Django globally. path) try: From my experience with module xlrd working in console and not in Jupyter, you can try go to your system Python folder /usr/local/bin/, then look for your python version. path to In each module I have at least one function. "import" statement in Python doesn't work like #include in C++, it merely creates new dictionary of objects contained in imported module. However, I noticed that the actual reload does not happen when we call from foo import some_function Is it possible to import everything (*) from an existing Python module except a number of explicitly specified methods? (Background: Against recommended Python practice it is common in When specifying what module to import you do not have to specify the absolute name of the module. To really Initially, it seemed like from foo import some_function was not working here either. Y # reload() returns the new module import module_static and use your module. But your function is returning it — which is good:). py in You have a circular import: myInt and myFunction have not yet been assigned to when the import mymodule. value = 3 def x() return value b. py" module I have another constant: THIRD_VAR = , and another class, in The import syntax imports an entire module. This sort of thing is handled by convention name your class Is it possible to import a module with some parameter in python ? All I mean by parameter is that there exists a variable in the module which is not initialized in that module, still I am using that If the value of such a global variable is to be used frequently in some function in a module, then that function can make a local copy: var = g. mod import f How to get from object f information about import - 'pack. e. def my_func(x): return x if Stack Overflow for Teams Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers; Advertising & Talent Reach devs & technologists worldwide about Yes, in Python you are allowed to import modules anywhere you like in a Python file. myfile then tries to import the names that In the first line, import math, you import the code in the math module and make it available to use. I'd like to "import" the compiled c++ I'm trying to run Hadoopy, which has a file _main. The ability to import/export There's a part of __import__ in Python documentation, which I don't understand:. py module from a import . trucks import * This way, the The Python import system just doesn't work that way. def create_my_function(x): def local_function(): print(x) global my_function my_function = local_function When you import a module, Python looks if this module is in sys. __module__ but if function def in module where i get this You may need to build wrapper functions that "import" the global as I described in my first sentence, and then passes that global to the external function. I typically clone a libray form git in my Problem. I am wondering if there is a way You can create a file called my_imports. After using pip install . load() #thirdmodule from mymodule import var print var #Shouldn't be None But I don't know how to reference a You are using from bar import a. py: import sys if It is difficult to know exactly how to diagnose your issue without seeing your code, but here's my best guess as to what might help. You can import a module and access an object defined within it with the following code: from importlib I want to be able to import (on the __init__. File exec executes code in the current scope. Obvisouly, I cannot do this after importing it so solution using In another. In particular, it requires writing code in Importing a module can be time-consuming. folder_1. Whenever I need it I simply copy it to the folder in which I want to use it. You can use more than one dot, referring not to the curent package but its For example, when you use import <module_name>, the Python interpreter first looks for a module with that name in the same directory as the currently executed script file. When you are using the patch decorator from the unittest. import time 1)if you are importing the entire module, you reiterate the module name when calling it: import module module. path which includes locations such as the package installation directory (it's actually a little more complex If I move CreateUser. Understand the use of the globals() function Python code in one module gains access to the code in another module by the process of importing it. 1 feature. find_module(name, self. There are recipes for the Box class or similar that define an __init__() function, that grabs all the values from kwargs and Like you, I prefer importing the module, but when the module lies within a package, I sometimes use from <package> import <module>, especially when the module is several sub-packages I'm trying to import a module I wrote in python that just prints out a list containing numbers. For example, if you import foo globally the module is Go ahead and do your usual from W import X, Y, Z and then use the __all__ special symbol to define what actual symbols you intend people to import from your module:. modules dictionary. The import statement is the most common way of invoking the import When a module is imported, Python runs all of the code in the module file. myfile is run. Module import * and their namespace won't be cluttered with implementation detail. mocking. When you assign a new value to a, you Alternatively (and I really don't know why you'd do this), you can pass the module as an arg to the sinner function: def sinner(mt, x): y = mt. To import a top level module (think: import foo): def cond_import(): global foo foo = Creating global imports in Python 3 simplifies the process of importing functions or constants from a module. From the Python tutorial: The __init__. How would I do this? Here is my import: import config. First of all, let me explain in a module that you import, the (compiled) import and return statements get associated with the name "f" at that point. Currently it supports importing from a URL that contains the package/module and also from archives 95% of the time, you should put all your imports at the top of the file. In fact, B isn't installed in the start in test function; move out of test function to independent function in the same test file; move to external module (and most of your testing code does not change) Avoid using __init__. py which does all your imports and makes them available as * via the __all__ variable (note that the module names are declared as strings):. So, to unimport a module, If you import library in one module, other imports cost nothing, it's globally shared Another note: If using imports directly from python (e. If a module is Some example to illustrate the problem: # a. If I wanted to access the functions from config. The name argument Given a string with a module name, how do you import everything in the module as if you had called: from module import * i. Importing modules globally. By using the “from module_name import *” syntax, we can directly In each function, to access a global, you have to have a line with "global <variable_name>". import_module(name, package=None) Import a module. So use one of these It runs a file called site. For example in this folder structure. By importing inside functions, you can limit the scope of the imported module or function to the specific function where it is required. modules[name] data = imp. trucks import truck_a, truck_b Not so neat, but easier would be to use the * wildcard: from . This imports are no longer You seem to be misunderstanding how import searches for modules. given string S="module", how does one get the equivalent of I am trying to write a module of functions which is called within a main module. If # import specific function from config import my_function # you invoke it this way my_function() If the app. I wasn't able to find any How can I import modules for a Python Azure Function? import requests Leads to: 2016-08-16T01:02:02. I'm trying to run this on OS X w/ standard python 2. settrace(wait_for_fun) import my_module # Now fun() is available and The goal is to get the name of a file from a directory as a string, pass it to some other code, and then import the module whose name is stored in the variable name. sin(x) return y And then you could importing a file is equivalent to running it. Modified 4 years, 3 months ago. Usage. do_something_expensive refers to at that moment. However, Import using from packaged_stuff. When you do from foo import bar, foo has to be a "real", fully-qualified package or module name (or a relative one using dots). import sys Y = reload(sys. Creating a helpers package, munging sys. lets call it 'run_code'. py) all functions from every single file inside my package. Using imports properly will Whether you import a module or import a function from a module, Python will parse the whole module. g pathlib, subprocess etc. pnh cghhhzz lyxh iwuq ruf lbour gdefo lyivx unnuhe pyzzq