0), it is possible to apply network configuration changes without a reboot. Get the latest available packages apt update (or use the web interface, under Node → Updates) Install the CPU-vendor specific microcode package: For Intel CPUs: apt install intel-microcode. If you want to do a shutdown from the command line you have to execute the following command before the shutdown command: Bash: pvesh create /nodes/proxmox/stopall. Dec 17, 2021 · In the "Cluster Configuration" dialog, set the "Quorum Policy" option to "ignore". Note: Do not select the physical interface! The first step is to prepare your VM. This cheat sheet provides essential commands and techniques for managing network Then start the upgrade. I'd like to set it up such that instead of shutting See the Cloud-Init Support page of the reference documentation for detailed command line examples. 2-1. Nov 28, 2023 · Proxmox 8. pct enter <vmid>. Proxmox VE uses ACPI by default to send shutdown signals to the Virtual Machines (QEMU/KVM). I am booting from ZFS RAID 10. Backups are a requirement for any sensible IT deployment, and Proxmox VE provides a fully integrated solution, using the capabilities of each storage and each guest system type. The upgrade steps from the command line are very simple. To stop the virtual machine from the web interface, follow these steps: First, log in to the Proxmox web interface. If you want to reboot Windows with your own time out value you can use the below command. In Proxmox VE cloud-init images are attached as ISO images via a virtual CDROM drive. Proxmox Backup Server 3. #2. Then my HDD storage is luks encrypted. and this is the only one available ( I checked with proxmox-boot-tool kernel list). x you will be able to configure the backup retention more fine-grained per backup job via the web interface. Now the install process has ended up in a endless loop, qm stop, shutdown, reload nothing works, gets a timeout on finding the lock. Turn off the last of the virtual systems. As you may have guessed by now, if you want to restart a Proxmox VE VM via the CLI, the command is: qm restart VMID. In standard Proxmox VE installations, the sendmail binary is provided by Postfix. killall -9 corosync. First we refresh the updates after we have updated the repository URLs. Then, click on the VM we want to stop. Jan 4, 2013 · While digging i came across this solution which seems to allow kill NFS processes, unmount and bring everythign back to normal without restart of proxmox node. also it seems it stop taking backups so it seems the system is waiting for this backup to stop before starting a new. x copy the following command, adapt the CustomRoleID and run it as root once on any PVE node: Introduction. You will probably be asked to choose a text editor, choose nano 3. To start a VPS # vzctl start CTID. shutdown /r. This tells the watchdog service the device it should be heartbeating with. This will start the process of stopping the selected VM from the Proxmox web interface. Jun 29, 2021 · After a kernel upgrade a reboot is required to make it active, so that's recommended anyway. Mar 20, 2021. Dec 30, 2012 · ksm-control-daemon: 1. It would be best to have another empty proxmox ready for comparison. Scroll all the way down in the opened file and add this line: @reboot /usr/bin/pvecm expected 1 > /dev/null 2>&1 4. pct df <vmid>. 2 released. Ultimately, in the interest of time I took the risk to reboot it with an emergency kernel key combination and all came back up. There’s no explicit limit for the number of nodes in a cluster. If the output contains a line that looks like the following, GRUB is used in UEFI mode. Jan 11, 2020 · The /usr/sbin/shutdown command (run from the console or cron) will shutdown Proxmox in the same way as shutting down Proxmox from the web GUI. May 21, 2024 · Run the following command: apt remove os-prober. Optional parameters are failure-domain and device-class. In order to start using the cloud-init tab in the Web UI, you'll have to add such a drive. 2 kernel previously, through the opt-in package on Proxmox VE 7. Jan 16, 2024 · 228. So, for example, HA can be configured via the ha-manager command line interface, or the Proxmox VE web interface - both interfaces provide an easy way to manage HA. Then the VMs won't be able to do passthrough and Proxmox should start normally (except for failing to start those VMs). Jul 20, 2014 · I manually executed duply from the command line as root and it successfully stopped all VMs but failed to start them. Features like firewall macros, security groups, IP sets and aliases help to make that task easier. Create a script that uses Proxmox’ internal workflows to apply changed network The “Proxmox Container Toolkit” (pct) is the command-line tool to manage Proxmox VE containers. When I re-connected to my screen session, the command service pve-manager start was just displayed on the display without any apparent result. Nov 9, 2020 · Is there a way to force shutdown an LXC container? This is what I get: Code: command 'lxc-stop -n 108 --nokill --timeout 60' failed: exit code 1. More information can be found at Alex Williamson's blog. shutdown /r /t timeout_in_seconds. it always is either a linux, bios or power management issue. Boot0005* proxmox [] File(EFI\proxmox\grubx64. For immediate help and problem solving, please join us at https://discourse. In the left-hand navigation pane, choose the “Datacenter” node. May 7, 2021 · The “Proxmox Container Toolkit” (pct) is the command line tool to manage Proxmox VE containers. To stop the pve-cluster service, use the Jun 19, 2018 · Proxmox Virtual Environment. If the dist-upgrade command exits successfully, you can re-check the pve7to8 checker script and reboot the system in order to use the new Proxmox VE kernel. . Proxmox VE Training - New official trainer & courses. As of writing, the ACS patch is part of the Proxmox VE kernel and can be invoked via Editing the kernel command line. When i hit enter I get an (initramfs) prompt. But the kernel update has little to do with not being able to find the pct command. Creates a new migration task. I'm really hoping all stays stable while I'm transitioning things from TrueNAS Scale to Proxmox and re-establishing my backup strategy. April 24, 2024. By default, it will request a clean shutdown of the container by sending lxc. Jul 20, 2019 · Hello, I just installed ProxmoxVE 6. Newsletter Archive. Jul 6, 2023 · If the command returns a message indicating that EFI variables are not supported, GRUB is used in BIOS/Legacy mode. Using the qm commands extends beyond Proxmox VE server. Jul 1, 2021 · Here are the commands to restart proxmox services for troubleshooting purposes. To stop or shutdown a VPS # vzctl stop CTID. 160. Then you also need to apply these changes via command line. Jun 30, 2020 · 1. This can have some advantages over using virtualized hardware, for example lower latency, higher performance, or more features (e. shutdown all VMs as per the order specified in the options. “enp6s0”). Apr 11, 2021 · 228. The “Proxmox Container Toolkit” (pct) is the command line tool to manage Proxmox VE containers. ) No successes at all booting an upgraded system (7. Solution. 19-1. PCI (e) passthrough is a mechanism to give a virtual machine control over a PCI device from the host. One will navigate to the PVE Host -> System -> Hosts tab and what is in the file above will display on the screen. 1-1. T. Basically you can use any VM. Apr 20, 2015 · The Proxmox team works very hard to make sure you are running the best software and getting stable updates and security enhancements, as well as quick enterprise support. We use the Corosync Cluster Engine for reliable group communication. Tested it earlier on with my test box and worked perfectly! Aug 20, 2022 · Like when you need to add post-up iptable commands. 255. Mar 12, 2024 · Finally, restart networking with this command systemctl restart networking and try to ping google. pct migrate <vmid> <target> [OPTIONS] # Get container configuration. I am only able to boot into Debug mode from Proxmox ISO. --. 3. A Reboot is a (graceful) Shutdown followed by a Start, much like rebooting a physical machine using the "shutdown and restart" option. Select the node to be restarted and press the “Shell” button. realtime = yes. Jan 31, 2022 · 2. Now, after a reboot I cannot access to web interface from any server: login to ssh its ok but from web interface (tested in many browser) always return connection refued. To do that, run the following commands: apt update May 7, 2021 · The HA stack is well integrated into the Proxmox VE API. An great side effect was that we are able to use JSON Schema to produce command line argument parsers automatically. 04. Reboot the Proxmox VE host. It also allows you to specify a specific time as well. Mar 21, 2016 · You need use the lxc-stop command to reboot, cleanly shuts down, or kills all the processes inside the Linux container (LXC). By default this value is set to 180, which means that Proxmox VE will issue a shutdown request and wait 180 seconds for the machine to be offline. First, find your VM ID (it's the number next to your VM in the Proxmox GUI). Your suggested command gives much more detail. # ifconfig eth0:fakenfs 192. shutdown remaining virtual systems with CTRL + ALT + DEL and, at the right moment, when the virtual server is in BIOS, switch it off. Note: once upgraded to Proxmox VE 7. log-dir = /var/log/watchdog. root@proxmox00:~#. Proxmox Virtual Environment. There are two main ways of clearing a lock on a Proxmox VM: 1) using the qm unlock command and 2) manually deleting the lock. Command to list running and stopped VPSs in an node. But, if you pass through a device to a virtual machine, you cannot use that Aug 24, 2019 · The Proxmox team works very hard to make sure you are running the best software and getting stable updates and security enhancements, as well as quick enterprise support. Please note that you should reboot even if you already used the 6. Actions step-by-step. Feb 12, 2009 · Man - if anyone else has this problem I hope this helps because it totally turned my world around. The mokutil command will ask for a (temporary) password twice, this password needs to be entered one more time in the next step of the process! Rebooting the system should automatically boot into the MOKManager EFI binary, which allows you to verify the key/certificate and confirm the enrollment using the password selected when starting the enrollment using mokutil. Shutdown timeout: Defines the duration in seconds Proxmox VE should wait for the VM to be offline after issuing a shutdown command. But now PCI (e) Passthrough. Backup and Restore. 4 LTS iso. 0. Here's my scenario. Look for an adapter that starts with “en” as this is most likely your ethernet adapter. Jan 18, 2020 · shop. Enter Qemu Monitor interface. And configure network like this: The -E CT_ID command line switch can be used to show only the processes running inside the Container with the specified ID. Show command line used to start the VM (debug info). Final Words. Simply install the Cloud-Init packages inside the VM that you want to prepare. February 29, 2024. for some reason my backup won't stop. Something like 0 4 * * * root /usr/sbin/reboot to reboot the server each day at 04:00. On Debian/Ubuntu based systems this is as simple as: apt-get install cloud-init. 4 to 8. com to makesure our proxmox server have internet access using WiFi. The sendmail notification target uses the sendmail binary to send emails. so my best guess would be bios here, it seems the command to reset after shutdown have been given, just not handled correctly. So, for example, HA can be configured via the ha-manager command-line interface, or the Proxmox VE web interface - both interfaces provide an easy way to manage HA. It is a command-line utility that allows users and applications to send emails directly from the command line or from within scripts. Current pve kernel is 5. The file path is /etc/pve/qemu-server/<VMID>. (All on older Dell R720 with H310 mini in IT Mode with boot on mirrored zfs and internal nic daughtercard 2x 10Gbit/2x 1Gbit. 0/ 8. Apr 21, 2009 · Command to reboot windows computer. Select your node and then click on Network. Configure the watchdog service by appending the below options to /etc/watchdog. So here is a summary of the advantage: Command to list the running VPSs in a node # vzlist. Apr 21, 2024 · 1. Create a fake IP for dead nfs server on Proxmox node. pct cpusets. Virtual machine images can either be stored on one or several local storages, or on shared storage like NFS or iSCSI (NAS, SAN). perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings: LANGUAGE = (unset), Oct 19, 2023 · Oct 19, 2023. This command is not intended to be executed on the Proxmox VE host, but only inside the VM. Hi, mug3nx said: I've been facing an issue with Proxmox for the past few days – every backup job seems to be failing. After 30 seconds, windows reboot will start. com with the ZFS community as well. If I try from ssh console to connect Jul 14, 2020 · Stack Exchange Network. ). - the time synchronization in Proxmox is only for itself. 4. Upon closer investigation, I discovered that I'm unable to perform any actions, such as migrating VMs, moving disks, or taking snapshots, even via the command line. perl: warning: Setting locale failed. Click the "Save" button to apply the changes. Jul 5, 2020 · Stop VM in Proxmox from the web interface. pct pending <vmid>. its not a promox issue. I configured cluster and tested it, all work like a charm. pct config <vmid> [OPTIONS] # Print the list of assigned CPU sets. The above command will set a time out of 30 seconds to close the applications. Sep 7, 2022 · I have successfully installed Proxmox 7. I can only kill the VM by going to the host and kill the kvm process. systemctl restart pvedaemon. vzctl - utility to control an OpenVZ container - see "man vzctl" vztop. Apr 25, 2024 · The HA stack is well integrated into the Proxmox VE API. Apr 12, 2021. On boot, the GRUB loader shows the Proxmox VE entry. I only see a spinner in the columns End Time and Status. It is also possible to install Proxmox VE 5. outage9851 said: What happens if I type "sudo reboot now"? Then PVE will first try to shutdown all guests in reverse order they got started and wait until all guests have been gracefully shutdown (and if they get stuck they will be forcefuly stopped after 3 or 5 minutes) before it will reboot itself. # Launch a command inside the specified container. June 10, 2024. This command lists all (running and stopped) the VPSs in a node. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. # vzlist -a. 13. In practice, the actual possible node count may be limited by the host and network performance. as you already know which block device the data is one you just need to find out which sub-partition is required, the following command should help: lsblk -o +FSTYPE,UUID /dev/sdd*. In fact, the REST API and the command line tools use the same code. max_cstate=0intel_idel. That means that your Virtual Machines needs to support ACPI, so that it may react to such signals. practicalzfs. they just shutdown all vm and lxc but not With the recommended ifupdown2 package (default for new installations since Proxmox VE 7. Click on the vmbr0 interface and then click on edit. After the kernel loads, it just sits there. To restart a VPS # vzctl restart Jun 19, 2019 · it may also be important: - our Firewall has a "deny all" rule, for time sync only the default udp port 123 is open. This is a well known Linux command and there are other threads on this forum and other places on the internet about it. If you change the network configuration via the GUI, you can click the Apply Configuration button. This utility program can be run on the Node just as the standard . haltsignal (defaults to SIGPWR) to the container’s init process, waiting up to 60 seconds for the container to exit, and then returning. 1. You open the shell in the required node and run the command (crontab -e) 2. May 1, 2021 · Basically I've got a script that will suspend all my VMs, but it looks like Proxmox will still tell them to shutdown if the server gets rebooted or shutdown. pct fstrim <vmid> [OPTIONS] # Mount the container’s filesystem on the host. Home. My servers are about 800 miles away and I lost all access to them and I couldn't get the iDRAC virtual console to open because apparently java is evil. Disk. For AMD CPUs: apt install amd64-microcode. shut down the Jun 30, 2020 · May 26, 2022. Here you will click into the area with the IP pct console <vmid> [OPTIONS] # Launch a shell for the specified container. Custom role: contains permission 'Pool. Nov 18, 2017 · You can do this by typing “ip link show”. I waited for about 7 minutes. With the recommended ifupdown2 package (default for new installations since Proxmox VE 7. g. Such a group is called a cluster. As a next step, I would like to boot off this ISO in order to install Fedora. Jan 17, 2022 · I installed Proxmox on 3 new server and all the procedure from the iso went ok. This guide is would help you troubleshoot and diagnose networking issues within Proxmox. 4 in a VM and test the upgrade in this environment. If so delete the line and hopefully you can just delete is via GUI. To view the status of a VPS # vzctl status CTID. com. # Get container configuration, including pending changes. Buy now! Aug 11, 2021 · One will notice that there is not a netmask here, only the IP address so we see the 1 change to 2 in our example. Jan 19, 2019 · I made a mistake that I knew about, I chose Graphical install when installing Debian 10. It is commonly used to apply changed to the virtual hardware configuration (which Proxmox does in between the shutdown and start) without having to shutdown and wait for it to complete Create or restore a virtual machine. Use CTRL + ALT + DEL to shut down any remaining virtual systems, then turn off the virtual server when it enters BIOS. M. After that, click Stop. Alternative: uninstall all proxmox related stuff with --purge and reinstall it. You can setup firewall rules for all hosts inside a cluster, or define rules for virtual machines and containers. This a the bootloader screen, this is my cmdline Nov 24, 2023 · Tested several installations and/ or upgrades from 7. I have tried to stop it though the GUI/Web but it still keeps going. Get the virtual machine configuration with both current and pending values. root@server:/usr/bin# pct exec 108 poweroff. See Also. Aug 27, 2016. glusterfs-client: 3. Apr 21, 2023 · We can restart a Proxmox cluster by following these steps: Enter the Proxmox online interface. Make your changes and then click the apply button (if you have ifupdown2 installed, otherwise you will need to reboot the server to apply the settings). systemctl restart pveproxy. GPU passthrough We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. For now you mount it anywhere, e. x), booting to rescue shell was possible in any case at any time. It never times out. Usage in Proxmox VE. start all VMs in order specified in the options. You can try to create new VM, I use Ubuntu Server 22. 2. Proxmox VE: Installation and configuration. To display the list of nodes in the cluster, select the “Nodes” tab. When I start a Linux VM and press ESC in the Grub menu, I can't shutdown the VM. Step 7: Access Proxmox Web Interface. This screen looks a little odd. From what I experienced it is a good practice to align this procedure with the way Proxmox would do this when you use the web interface. Thats how it's done for nearly 50 years. systemctl restart pve-cluster. in essence a shutdown needs to send to bios command to turn power off, otherwise it will just halt the kernel. Apr 20, 2020 · Because the problem is caused by PCI passthrough, I suggest editing the boot menu (press the 'e'-key) and removing the intel_iomm=on or amd_iommu=on from the kernel parameters. I've got a UPS set up and tied to the Proxmox host such that it will execute the shutdown command if power is lost. # Run a filesystem check (fsck) on a container volume. Can someone please confirm that if I ssh onto my proxmox server and issue "restart" command that will: 1. # Reboot the container by shutting it down, and starting it again. I don't see any errors in dmesg. Nov 23, 2014 · Any suggestions if systemctl restart pveproxy doesn't help? (proxmox 8) I am able to log into other nodes fine. restart proxmox server. after 5 minutes, terminate all running shutdown processes in the GUI using ‘stop. qm unlock should be your first choice for unlocking a Proxmox VM. Automation tools can use the API directly. May 22, 2024 · Proxmox keeps getting stuck on reboot but it boots up just fine when it's a cold boot (switch off power supply and let it boot up), I read up on other users having the same issues, and inserted processor. pvectl - vzctl wrapper to manage OpenVZ containers - see "man pvectl" vzctl. Mar 20, 2021 · Germany, near Bonn. Stack Exchange network consists of 183 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Check the vm config file via shell maybe the storage disk is still referenced there. Check out which /dev/sddX partition one is bigger and has a filesystem on it, that's the one We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Allocate' After the upgrade of all nodes in the cluster to Proxmox VE 7. Proxmox VE uses KVM virtualization and qemu like other Linux virtualization Feb 4, 2022 · Feb 21, 2022. Buy now! First, login to the Proxmox web console. 3-4. Buy now! pct is a command line tool to manage containers (LXC) in proxmox server. pct exec <vmid> [<extra-args>] # Copy a file from the container to the local system. r/Proxmox This subreddit has gone Restricted and reference-only as part of a mass protest against Reddit's recent API changes, which break third-party apps and moderation tools. 1-7 and managed to upload an ISO image to the server. 2. Suspend virtual machine. systemctl restart pvestatd. Unfortunately, I can't seem to find any way of either exposing the BIOS at boot-up (which would allow me to change the boot order), or modify the boot order in any other way. , offloading). The Proxmox VE cluster manager pvecm is a tool to create a group of physical servers. conf. 1 netmask 255. After five minutes, use the GUI’s “stop” command to end any active shutdown processes. Save the File 5. Many thanks for the heads up on this. Nov 15, 2022 · Then write a line to /etc/crontab that tells the server to reboot. As far as I know the command reboot in the command line will not shut down all VM's in a correct way. Proxmox Virtual Environment 8. There are no limits, and you may configure as many storage pools as you like. If that doesn't help removing the storage and vm config via ssh should remove it from the web gui but idk if you're leaving stuff Proxmox VE provides a key generation tool ( oathkeygen) which prints out a random key in Base32 notation, that can be used directly with various OTP tools, such as the oathtool command-line tool, or on Android Google Authenticator, FreeOTP, andOTP or similar applications. # Get the container’s current disk usage. Proxmox VE Firewall provides an easy way to protect your IT infrastructure. You can use all storage technologies available for Debian Linux. Forums. efi) If the output contains a line similar to the following, systemd-boot is used. Select it and press Enter to proceed. automatic cli container cpu etc gateways lxc proxmox ram template. We just run the commands the GUI runs for us from the command line. 4. I have a 3 node setup. Restart the cluster service by running the following command on all nodes in the cluster: systemctl restart pve-cluster After making these changes, your Proxmox cluster will be quorate even if only one node is present. Reboot the system to complete the process: reboot. It enables you to create or destroy containers, as well as control the container execution (start, stop, reboot, migrate, etc. proxmox. Is there a way to shot a qm down, like sudo kill -9 ? Jun 1, 2016 · Without knowing what you changed, it's hard to tell, but cleaning up /etc/pve should work. Jul 20, 2021 · To work around these problems, we have created the following guide: shutdown all virtual systems via Proxmox GUI. Add pcie_acs_override=downstream to the kernel boot command line (grub or systemd-boot) options. A small utility called 'pvesh' exposes the whole REST API on the command line. pvectl. I tried the button 'shutdown' in admin web ui and ssh shell command 'shutdown -t 0' and 'reboot', all do not work. Mar 5, 2020. Reboot Apr 25, 2024 · Enable the Debian Firmware Repository. Nov 17, 2016 · The Proxmox team works very hard to make sure you are running the best software and getting stable updates and security enhancements, as well as quick enterprise support. Code: watchdog-device = /dev/watchdog. Apr 25, 2024 · To create a new EC pool, run the following command: pveceph pool create <pool-name> --erasure-coding k=2,m=1. qm unlock. max_cstate=0panic=10 to stop it from getting stuck at reboot. Here are some useful commands pct enter 100 pct exec 100 yum update pct exec 100 yum update -y pct list pct reboot 100 pct resize 100 rootfs 100G pct set 101 -memory 10000 pct start 100 Nov 24, 2022 · Nov 24, 2022. The two functioning nodes show green, but the problem node and vms on the problem node are showing gray (and lacking details). Install watchdog on the VM with apt install watchdog. Tens of thousands of happy customers have a Proxmox subscription. I found out that Proxmox doesn't have virsh installed which makes sense, however I need a way to force stop my VM since right now Proxmox has 0 control over the VM as "QEMU Guest Agent" is set to "Enable" but is currently unresponsive. April 25, 2024. Hi, by default, Proxmox tries to shutdown guests by sending an ACPI shutdown (which is basically the same thing as pressing the physical power button on a machine), or by sending a shutdown command to qemu-guest-agent running inside the virtual machine, depending on the setting of "QEMU guest agent" in the VM configuration. Jan 21, 2022 · Proxmox Unlock VM Methods. Also the listed packages seem correct. Get yours easily in our online shop. Even trying to stop or reset doesn't work anymore. Jan 17, 2024. 1 upgrade steps from the command line. We changed from chrony to the time synchronization like described in the wiki and get the output like shown in the wiki: Code: Feb 5, 2022 · System is encrypted ZFS, installed on Nvme . Shut down every virtual machine using the Proxmox GUI. pct pull <vmid> <path> <destination> [OPTIONS] # Copy a local file to the container. Jan 10, 2022 · All VMs are setup to start and shutdown in a specific order. Minege. Check Result & Reboot Into Updated Kernel. If you need to change any EC profile settings used by the pool, you will have to create a new pool with a new profile. Unmount NFS Share. This should yield an empty install. Destroy the VM and all used/owned volumes. 2 available. We will now need to update the config of the network interface (IP address and gateway) with the following command: May 9, 2020 · But still, Proxmox tries to be all nice and stuff, failing sometimes to perform something this simple. Send key event to virtual machine. YubiKey OTP. You should check if your VM reacts properly to the ACPI signals, as else the VM may not shutdown and Proxmox VE will force-stop it after a Mar 30, 2022 · What user did you run the command as? Could you post the output of: pveversion -v; systemctl status pveproxy; systemctl status pvedaemon; Can the server still be accessed via SSH? Feb 18, 2024 · How to Restart Proxmox VE Virtual Machines via the CLI. Hopefully, that makes sense. Jan 28, 2023 · I am running Virtual Environment 7. The following actions need to be done on the command line of each Proxmox VE node in your cluster (via console or ssh; preferably via console to avoid interrupted ssh connections). Change Proxmox VE IP Hosts Screenshot. 5. The Proxmox VE storage model is very flexible. Make a note of the ID of the ethernet adapter (eg. This allows the system administrator to fine tune via the mode option between consistency of the backups and downtime of the guest system. Aug 27, 2016 · Manage Containers with CLI. pct fsck <vmid> [OPTIONS] # Run fstrim on a chosen CT and its mountpoints. bm fb py zc df do jn dg se dy